
A retaining wall holds back ground where a site changes level. The common types in Ireland are reinforced concrete walls cast on a footing, mass-block or masonry walls, and stone-filled gabion baskets. All need drainage behind them, because water pressure in the retained ground causes most retaining wall failures.
Split-level house sites, garage and basement cuts, road edges and terraced yards all need something to hold the higher ground in place. Get the drainage detail wrong and the wall eventually moves, whatever it is built from.
Rayco Civils is a civil engineering and groundworks contractor based in Monamolin, Co. Wexford, working on sites across Ireland. Send drawings or a site location and we will price the works.
Saturated ground pushes far harder on a wall than dry ground. A granular drainage layer behind the wall, weep holes or a land drain at the base gives that water somewhere to go, so the wall only has to resist the soil.
This is the detail most commonly skipped on informal walls, and it is the reason so many of them lean.
Reinforced concrete takes the highest loads in the thinnest profile and suits tight boundaries and surcharged ground such as a driveway above the wall. Mass-block suits modest level changes and gives a consistent face.
Gabions are free-draining and flexible, tolerate slight ground movement and are often the practical choice on rural sites, embankments and road edges.
Any wall retaining a meaningful depth of ground, or carrying a surcharge such as a driveway, road or structure above it, should be designed by an engineer. The design sets footing size, reinforcement, thickness and drainage detail.
Often yes, but the excavation for the footing, the temporary support and the drainage all need to be planned first, and the works must not undermine or encroach on adjoining ground.
Free-draining granular material placed and compacted in layers, with a drainage path at the base. Clay or unsuitable spoil tipped in behind the wall traps water and adds load.
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